Stacking

Stacking mengacu pada model yang mengulangi proses "membuat beberapa model prediktif dan memasukkan outputnya ke dalam model prediktif lainnya. Pada halaman ini, kita akan menjalankan penumpukan dan melihat model mana yang valid untuk tahap pertama penumpukan.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from sklearn.datasets import make_classification
from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier
from sklearn.ensemble import StackingClassifier
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.metrics import roc_auc_score
from sklearn.tree import export_graphviz
from subprocess import call

Create data for experiment

# Create data with 20 features
n_features = 20
X, y = make_classification(
    n_samples=2500,
    n_features=n_features,
    n_informative=10,
    n_classes=2,
    n_redundant=0,
    n_clusters_per_class=4,
    random_state=777,
)
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(
    X, y, test_size=0.33, random_state=777
)

Plot the data with respect to multiple features

Confirm that it does not appear to be classifiable by simple rules.

plt.figure(figsize=(10, 10))
plt.subplot(2, 2, 1)
plt.scatter(X[:, 2], X[:, 7], c=y)
plt.xlabel("x2")
plt.ylabel("x7")
plt.subplot(2, 2, 2)
plt.scatter(X[:, 4], X[:, 9], c=y)
plt.xlabel("x4")
plt.ylabel("x9")
plt.subplot(2, 2, 3)
plt.scatter(X[:, 5], X[:, 1], c=y)
plt.xlabel("x5")
plt.ylabel("x1")
plt.subplot(2, 2, 4)
plt.scatter(X[:, 1], X[:, 3], c=y)
plt.xlabel("x1")
plt.ylabel("x3")
plt.show()

png

Stacking vs. Random Forest

Classification with Random Forest

model = RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators=50, max_depth=5, random_state=777)
model.fit(X_train, y_train)
y_pred = model.predict(X_test)
rf_score = roc_auc_score(y_test, y_pred)
print(f"ROC-AUC = {rf_score}")
ROC-AUC = 0.855797033310609

When stacking with multiple trees

We can confirm that stacking with only DecisionTreeClassifier does not improve accuracy much.

# Models used in base learner
estimators = [
    ("dt1", DecisionTreeClassifier(max_depth=3, random_state=777)),
    ("dt2", DecisionTreeClassifier(max_depth=4, random_state=777)),
    ("dt3", DecisionTreeClassifier(max_depth=5, random_state=777)),
    ("dt4", DecisionTreeClassifier(max_depth=6, random_state=777)),
]
# Number of models included in base learner
n_estimators = len(estimators)
# aggregation model
final_estimator = DecisionTreeClassifier(max_depth=3, random_state=777)
# train base-learner and aggregation model
clf = StackingClassifier(estimators=estimators, final_estimator=final_estimator)
clf.fit(X_train, y_train)
# evaluate
y_pred = clf.predict(X_test)
clf_score = roc_auc_score(y_test, y_pred)

print("ROC-AUC")
print(f"Decision Tree Stacking={clf_score}, Random Forest={rf_score}")
ROC-AUC
Decision Tree Stacking=0.7359716965608031, Random Forest=0.855797033310609

Visualize trees used for stacking

export_graphviz(
    clf.final_estimator_,
    out_file="tree_final_estimator.dot",
    class_names=["A", "B"],
    feature_names=[e[0] for e in estimators],
    proportion=True,
    filled=True,
)

call(
    [
        "dot",
        "-Tpng",
        "tree_final_estimator.dot",
        "-o",
        f"tree_final_estimator.png",
        "-Gdpi=200",
    ]
)
display(Image(filename="tree_final_estimator.png"))

png

Look at the feature importance of the trees used in the stacking.

We see that although stacked, in the end only the fourth tree is used almost exclusively in the forecast.

plt.figure(figsize=(6, 3))
plot_index = [i for i in range(n_estimators)]
plt.bar(plot_index, clf.final_estimator_.feature_importances_)
plt.xticks(plot_index, [e[0] for e in estimators])
plt.xlabel("model name")
plt.ylabel("feature-importance")
plt.show()

png

Check the performance of each tree in the base learner

scores = []
for clf_estim in clf.estimators_:
    print("====")
    y_pred = clf_estim.predict(X_test)
    scr = roc_auc_score(y_test, y_pred)
    scores.append(scr)
    print(clf_estim)
    print(scr)

n_estimators = len(estimators)
plot_index = [i for i in range(n_estimators)]

plt.figure(figsize=(8, 4))
plt.bar(plot_index, scores)
plt.xticks(plot_index, [e[0] for e in estimators])
plt.xlabel("model name")
plt.ylabel("roc-auc")
plt.show()
====
DecisionTreeClassifier(max_depth=3, random_state=777)
0.7660117774277722
====
DecisionTreeClassifier(max_depth=4, random_state=777)
0.7744128916993818
====
DecisionTreeClassifier(max_depth=5, random_state=777)
0.8000158677919086
====
DecisionTreeClassifier(max_depth=6, random_state=777)
0.8084639977432473

png

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