Decision Tree Regressor | โมเดลแบบค่าคงที่เป็นช่วง

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeRegressor, plot_tree
from sklearn.datasets import make_regression
from sklearn.metrics import r2_score, mean_squared_error, mean_absolute_error

rng = np.random.default_rng(42)
X1 = np.sort(5 * rng.random((120, 1)), axis=0)
y1_true = np.sin(X1).ravel()
y1 = y1_true + rng.normal(scale=0.2, size=X1.shape[0])

reg1 = DecisionTreeRegressor(max_depth=3, random_state=0).fit(X1, y1)
y1_pred = reg1.predict(X1)

plt.figure(figsize=(8, 4))
plt.scatter(X1, y1, s=15, c="gray", label="observations")
plt.plot(X1, y1_true, lw=2, label="true signal")
plt.step(X1.ravel(), y1_pred, where="mid", lw=2, label="tree prediction")
plt.xlabel("x")
plt.ylabel("y")
plt.title("Piecewise-constant fit by a regression tree")
plt.legend()
plt.grid(alpha=0.3)
plt.show()

X, y = make_regression(n_samples=400, n_features=2, noise=15.0, random_state=777)
reg = DecisionTreeRegressor(max_depth=4, random_state=0).fit(X, y)

r2 = r2_score(y, reg.predict(X))
rmse = mean_squared_error(y, reg.predict(X), squared=False)
mae = mean_absolute_error(y, reg.predict(X))
print(f"R2={r2:.3f}  RMSE={rmse:.2f}  MAE={mae:.2f}")

x_min, x_max = X[:, 0].min()-1, X[:, 0].max()+1
y_min, y_max = X[:, 1].min()-1, X[:, 1].max()+1
xx, yy = np.meshgrid(
    np.linspace(x_min, x_max, 150),
    np.linspace(y_min, y_max, 150),
)
zz = reg.predict(np.c_[xx.ravel(), yy.ravel()]).reshape(xx.shape)

plt.figure(figsize=(7, 6))
cs = plt.contourf(xx, yy, zz, levels=15, cmap="viridis", alpha=0.8)
plt.colorbar(cs, label="prediction")
plt.scatter(X[:, 0], X[:, 1], c=y, cmap="viridis", s=20, edgecolor="k", alpha=0.7)
plt.xlabel("x1")
plt.ylabel("x2")
plt.title("Prediction surface of the regression tree")
plt.show()

plt.figure(figsize=(12, 10))
plot_tree(
    reg,
    filled=True,
    feature_names=["x1", "x2"],
    rounded=True,
)
plt.title("Structure of the fitted regression tree")
plt.show()